1866 Indian Head Cent
Circulation strike struck at the Philadelphia Mint · 9,826,500 made
- Mintage
- 9,826,500
- Metal
- 95% copper, 5% tin and zinc
- Weight
- 3.11 g
- Diameter
- 19 mm
Original illustration. Tap to flip. Not a photograph of the actual coin.
Face value · Metal value · Small premium · Collector premium · Significant rarity. We use bands because prices change daily.
What is an 1866 Indian Head Cent worth?
Age alone gives this coin a small premium, even worn. Sharp details and original surfaces push it higher.
What would make yours worth more:
- Uncirculated condition with full original luster
- Full red copper color (labeled RD) rather than brown
- A die variety or minting error
For market prices, check recent sold results for certified coins in the same grade.
Quick answers
- Is the 1866 Indian Head Cent rare?
- Not by date: 9.8 million were struck. A sharp uncirculated coin or a known variety is what makes one special.
- Where is the mint mark on an 1866 Indian Head Cent?
- No mint mark. Philadelphia struck every Indian cent until 1908.
- Which Philadelphia dates near 1866 are scarcer?
- The 1871 at 3,929,500, the 1870 at 5,275,000, the 1869 at 6,420,000, plus 1 more. So the 1866 is on the scarcer side for those years.
- How many 1866 Indian Head Cent coins were made?
- 9,826,500.
What to check on your 1866
- There's no mint mark on this one, so the date and condition are what matter.
- Proof or circulation strike? A proof has mirror-like fields and frosted design details and was sold to collectors, not released in change. The 1866 Indian Head Cent Proof (725 made) is the one to compare with.
- Old coins pick up damage over a long life. Look for holes, bends, scratches or signs of cleaning before you judge the grade, because a damaged coin sells for a fraction of a problem-free one.
- Judge the grade under good light. In Very Fine, all five letters of LIBERTY on the headband are visible; collectors also look at the feather tips and the "diamonds" on the ribbon. Color is graded too: Red (RD), Red-Brown (RB) and Brown (BN).
The story of the 1866
Production at Philadelphia fell off a cliff in 1866. Only 9,826,500 were made, against 35 million the year before. That drop is why the 1866 is the one people look for. In 1867 the figure was 9.8 million.
No other mint struck it for circulation that year, so every 1866 you find is from Philadelphia.
Across Philadelphia's 52 Indian Head Cent issues, the hardest to find is the 1877 with 852,500 made. The 1866 is on the scarcer side of the middle. Within the 1860s it's 3rd smallest of 11, between the 1867 (9.8 million) and the 1861 (10 million).
Bronze cents and the L on the ribbon (1864 to 1872)
The popularity of thin bronze Civil War tokens showed that people would accept a lighter cent. The Act of April 22, 1864 changed the cent to bronze, cutting the weight from 4.67 to 3.11 grams. The Mint struck both copper-nickel and bronze cents that year. Later in 1864 Longacre added his initial L to the ribbon behind the neck. The 1864 bronze with L is a scarce variety.
Once the war ended, minor coins flooded back into circulation. An 1871 law let banks redeem surplus cents. Production fell from about 10 million in 1868 to just over 5 million in 1870 and about 4 million in 1871 and 1872, which makes those three dates scarce today. Bronze coins of this era tone from red to brown. Survivors with full diamonds and a complete LIBERTY are prized.
Elsewhere in US coinage in 1866
The five-cent nickel arrived in 1866 with the Shield design. The motto "In God We Trust" was added to silver dollars, half dollars, quarters and the larger gold coins.
How to recognize it
Liberty wears a feathered headdress with LIBERTY on the band, surrounded by UNITED STATES OF AMERICA with the date below. The 1859 reverse is a laurel wreath around ONE CENT; from 1860 an oak wreath with a small shield at the top was used. Coins from 1864 on are bronze and from partway through 1864 they show the designer's initial L on the ribbon behind Liberty's neck. Mint marks (only S, 1908 and 1909) are below the wreath on the reverse.
Mintage chart
Specifications
| Series | Indian Head Cent (1859–1909) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1866 |
| Mint | Philadelphia Mint |
| Mint mark | None |
| Strike type | Circulation strike |
| Mintage | 9,826,500 |
| Face value | 1¢ |
| Composition | 95% copper, 5% tin and zinc (bronze) |
| Weight | 3.11 grams |
| Diameter | 19 mm |
| Edge | Plain |
| Designer | James B. Longacre |
Other 1866 Indian Head Cent issues
| Coin | Mintage | Type | Silver |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1866 Indian Head Cent | 9,826,500 | Circulation strike | – |
| 1866 Indian Head Cent Proof | 725 | Proof | – |
Mintage: United States cent mintage figures (Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0), compiled from US Mint records and the Guide Book of United States Coins. How we build these pages.